1. Climate and Soil:

• Bitter gourd (also known as bitter melon or karela) thrives in warm and humid climates. It requires a sunny location with temperatures consistently above 70°F (21°C).
• Plant bitter gourd in well-draining, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0.

2. Seed Selection:

• Choose high-quality bitter gourd seeds from a reputable supplier or save seeds from mature fruits.

3. Starting Seeds:

• Start seeds indoors about 4-6 weeks before the last expected frost date in your area or sow seeds directly into the ground when the soil has warmed up sufficiently.
• Plant seeds about ½ to 1 inch deep and 12-18 inches apart in rows spaced around 3-6 feet apart.

4. Sunlight:

• Bitter gourd requires full sun exposure for at least 6-8 hours per day.

5. Watering:

• Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water deeply and regularly, especially during dry periods or when the plants are establishing roots.

6. Fertilization:

• Before planting, enrich the soil with compost or well-rotted organic matter.
• Apply a balanced fertilizer or side-dress with compost during the growing season.

7. Trellising or Support:

• Bitter gourd is a vine and benefits from trellises, stakes, or supports to climb. Provide support to avoid sprawling and to facilitate easier harvesting.

8. Pest and Disease Management:

• Monitor for pests such as aphids, spider mites, or cucumber beetles. Use organic pest control methods or suitable insecticides if necessary.
• Prevent diseases by practicing good garden hygiene and ensuring adequate air circulation.

9. Harvesting:

• Bitter gourd can be harvested 2-3 months after planting. Harvest young fruits (about 4-6 inches long) for better taste and tenderness.
• Use pruning shears or a knife to cut the fruits from the vine. Regular harvesting encourages continuous fruit production.

10. Saving Seeds (Optional):

• To save seeds, allow a few mature bitter gourds to stay on the vine until fully ripened. Collect seeds from the ripe fruits and dry them for future planting.

By following these steps and providing proper care, you can successfully grow bitter gourd in your garden. Enjoy using this nutritious vegetable in various culinary dishes!